Homeland Security and Distress

I. Overview

The Nature of Terrorism

By its very nature, terrorism is designed to spread fear, panic, confusion, and grief among large groups of people. Terrorism can involve the use of biological or chemical agents. Examples range from putting harmful substances into food supplies to the aerosolized release of contagious germs over a large city. Chemical agents include everything from "harassing agents," such as riot control chemicals to deadly nerve and chocking agents. Officials are also concerned over the possible use of radioactive material. The vulnerability of the United States to a terrorist attack was highlighted by the horrific incidents of September 11, 2001.

The Impact of Terrorism

Terrorist attacks may have a significant emotional and psychological impact, especially for those who suffer injury or the death of a loved one. It is normal to experience increased anger or to re-experience the event long after it is over. Most people will begin feeling better within three months of a traumatic event. However, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are relatively common post-disaster disorders.

Communication as an Effective Measure

Accurate information and effective communication are crucial to allay the anxiety and fear that follow any disaster. Sound and thoughtful risk communication can assist in preventing ineffective, fear driven decisions. Leaders should work closely with the Public Affairs Office to ensure the release of accurate information in a timely fashion--preferably on a regular basis, e.g., every four hours. Avoid communication overload and excessive rehashing of the traumatic event. Rumors must be carefully monitored and corrected, as needed.

Responding To and Dealing with Health Scares Associated with Terrorism*

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